Seven Golden Rules of Figuring Out Molecular Formulas From Mass Spectrometry

These 7 golden rules have been thoroughly testedRule #3: When using established isotopic patterns
with an accuracy rate of 98%. Only 0.6% of thefalse positives/negatives are mostly eliminated. Mass
almost 1/2 million compounds the didn't pass all 7 ofspectrometers measure isotopic abundance patterns
the rules.with only 2-5% relative standard deviation which is
low enough to determine the correct patterns.
1. restrictions for the number of elementsRule #4: More than 99.7% of all formulas were
2. LEWIS and SENIOR chemical rulesincluded in the Common hydrogen/carbon range of
3. isotopic patternsratios between 0.2-3.1. To cover extended range to
4. hydrogen/carbon ratios,99.99% of all formulas the hydrogen/carbon of 0.1-6
5. element ratio of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphor, andis measured.
sulphur versus carbon,Rule #5: Measuring the element ratio of nitrogen,
6. element ratio probabilitiesoxygen, phosphor, and sulphur versus carbon strongly
7. presence of trimethylsilylated compounds. Rule #1:reduce the number of candidates. This rule only
The restrictions for the number of elements wererestricts unlikely high element ratios in molecular
calculated by simply dividing the mass range throughformulas.
the element mass. The number of elements set inRule #6: Using a multiple element count the element
formula generation for small molecules was devisedratio probabilities are determined by use of the
from the DNP and Wiley mass spectral databases.Dictionary of Natural Products, mass spectral libraries
Rule #2: LEWIS and SENIOR chemical rulesof NIST02 and Wiley.
- The sum of valences or the total number of atomsRule #7: The number of trimethylsilylated groups can
having odd valences is eveneasily be deduced by calculating isotope abundances,
- The sum of valences is greater than or equal toas shown in rule #3.
twice the maximum valenceThe software scripts and programs, source code and
- The sum of valences is greater than or equal toall supplement development data are freely available
twice the number of atoms minus 1Since this testfrom the Fiehnlab projects site. When specialized
does not allow for all variations in valences, thetarget libraries are used the correct identification can
maximum valence states for each element arebe as high as 98%.
allowed.BMC Bioinformatics 2007, 8:105doi:10.