| There are different kinds of water solutions used | | | | solutions comes from their determined concentration |
| intensively in industries and chemical labs today and | | | | which is basically ideal in appropriate measurements |
| many companies are providing them for other | | | | of the presence of a substance or solute in a |
| companies who need them. It so happens that each | | | | solution. Standard solutions are expressed in their |
| type of solution may vary in concentration and | | | | normality or molarity. Substances used include acids |
| strength and different industries may demand for | | | | like acetic acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid in |
| different types of such mixtures. Thus, it may be | | | | aqueous solution; bases like potassium hydroxide and |
| imperative to communicate with your supplier to | | | | sodium hydroxide; and salts like potassium chloride, |
| discuss your specific needs. These chemical solutions | | | | calcium chloride, and ammonium sulfate. Since the |
| would range from reagents in aqueous solutions to | | | | standard solution has a known amount of a |
| indicator solutions, each of which has different uses | | | | substance, this can be used to determine the precise |
| and different properties. | | | | amount of another substance during chemical analysis. |
| Perhaps one of the most widely used chemical | | | | For example, if you have a solution of sodium |
| solutions is buffer solutions. At the same time, they | | | | hydroxide whose concentration you need to |
| are the most naturally occurring solutions in nature. | | | | determine, a standard solution of hydrochloric acid |
| Did you know that seawater and blood are some of | | | | may be used. By computing the amount of HCI |
| the best examples? Buffers are actually mixtures of | | | | needed to neutralize the solution, the amount of |
| a weak acid and its salt or a weak alkaline and its | | | | NaOH will then be calculated. |
| salt. An example is the mixture of acetic acid and | | | | Aqueous solutions may also include percentage |
| sodium acetate. Buffer solutions are vitally important | | | | solutions, which are more comprehensible to people |
| in controlling the pH range of the system where they | | | | with little knowledge in chemistry than molar solutions. |
| are present. This pH control is important in many | | | | A percentage solution may refer to the proportion of |
| industrial applications that include manufacture of | | | | the mass of solute to the mass of solvent. |
| chemicals. In processes involving biochemical | | | | Nevertheless, there may be differences. For instance, |
| reactions, a limited pH range keeps such reactions at | | | | percentage may mean volume to volume ratio or, in |
| normal pace, whereas too much acidity or alkalinity | | | | some cases, mass to volume ratio. However, the use |
| could slow down or stop chemical reactions. Thus, | | | | of volume may not yield accurate measurements in |
| buffer solutions are important in fermentation | | | | thermodynamics, since volume changes with |
| process and in pH measurement. | | | | temperature and pressure. In any case, percentage |
| Another kind of water solution is indicator solution, | | | | solutions are used to determine the amount of solute |
| also known as acid-base indicators. These are actually | | | | present in the solution. This is relevant during chemical |
| solutions of weak acid or weak base and are used to | | | | analyses and computations. |
| determine whether a solution is alkaline or acid. | | | | There are also conductivity standard solutions |
| However, most indicators work only within a | | | | manufactured by water companies for their own use |
| particular range of pH. The common indicator | | | | or for other companies' utilization. Conductivity |
| solutions include thymol blue, methyl orange, | | | | standards are important in testing pure water quality, |
| bromthymol blue, phenolphthalein, and bromphenol | | | | which involves a test to determine the electric |
| blue. These solutions are basically used in analytical | | | | conductivity of water. Such conductivity standard |
| chemistry when titrations are needed, during which a | | | | solutions contain potassium chloride (KCI). Since the |
| color change can indicate the alkalinity or acidity. | | | | aim of any analytical measurement is accuracy, |
| Standard solutions are another type of laboratory | | | | standardized solutions are deemed necessary in |
| solutions used in titrations. The importance of these | | | | preparation and testing of chemicals. |