| The data of Urine analysis usually taken are divided | | | | WBCs, pus or fats in Urine. |
| into two; qualitative and quantitative data of Urine | | | | Quantitative data of Urine Laboratory tests |
| laboratory tests. As their names imply, qualitative | | | | Diuresis means the process of Urine production. The |
| tests is to test for the qualities of the Urine such as | | | | Urine-volume (UV per 24 hours) is its laboratory |
| colour, transparency, etc, while quantitative test, try | | | | reflection. Its meanings depend on age. |
| to find the amounts of some indexes in the Urine | | | | Pathological changes of Urine volume |
| such as volume, specific gravity, amount of | | | | Poliuria is diagnosed when the urine volume |
| pathologic components of Urine (blood, proteins, | | | | exceeds the normal ranges in 2 times and more. It is |
| creatinine, etc). | | | | the often sign of disorders with other systems |
| Qualitative data of Urine laboratory tests | | | | decreasing of cardiac edema, diabetes mellitus, |
| Colour of Urine | | | | diabetes insipiduc). Renal poliutia develops in case of |
| In the first day of child's Life, Urine is colorless | | | | back progress of nephritic edema, chronic renal |
| On the 2nd-4th days- dark-reddish, because big | | | | failure. |
| quantity of Urea is excreted. | | | | Oliguria means the decreasing of daily urine |
| In breast fed infants the urine is almost colorless | | | | volume to of age ranges and less. Renal Oliguria is |
| until they start to drink fruit juices and to eat other | | | | one of the most significant manifestations of renal |
| foods at the age of 4-6 months | | | | failure. There also can be extra-renal causes of |
| In formula fed infants, all children and grown-ups, | | | | Oliguria such as massive profuse bleeding, diarrhea, |
| the urine is yellow like straw. | | | | poisoning, cardiax failure, shock. It is very important |
| Changes of Urine color can be physiological. For | | | | to identify the reason of Oliguria because the |
| example; | | | | therapeutic plans can be quite different when the |
| Colorless urine is excreted when a person drinks | | | | Urine volume decrease less than 5% of normal data |
| a lot of fluids | | | | or there is no Urine per whole day. It is one of the |
| Urine acquires Orange color when the food | | | | most dangerous conditions for the child's life and |
| contains a lot of carotene (carrot); | | | | needs the emergency medical help. |
| Urine will be pink after eating red-beet; | | | | Anuria can be |
| Some medicines influence the Urine colour. SO, | | | | 1. renal-the kidneys don't form the urine due to |
| rifampicin causes the red color of Urine, analginum and | | | | considerable damage of their tissues. |
| sulfacylamides-pink, mitroxolinum-saffron-yellow. | | | | 2. postrenal (mechanical)-the Urine is produced, but it |
| Some Urine discoloration is of diagnostic value in case | | | | doesn't go into the bladder because of upper tract or |
| of Kidney disorders: | | | | bladder neck obstruction. |
| Dark-brown Urine is a pathognomic symptom of | | | | Nocturia, the normal correlation of daytime and |
| virus hepatitis; the cause of such color is big amount | | | | nighttime Urine Volume is 2:1. That means that |
| of bile pigments hyperbilirubinuria); characteristic sign is | | | | because of bigger fluid intake and physical activity, |
| forming of yellowish foam after shaking such Urine. | | | | Urine excretion is more intensive during daytime. If |
| Smoky brown Urine, which resembles tea or | | | | the night Urine volume is bigger, it is the |
| cola, is formed in case of nephron damage, when | | | | manifestation of decreased renal function. |
| RBCs pass through the basal membrane of glomerular | | | | Ph of Urine |
| capsule and losses the hemoglobin. It is the main sign | | | | This sign depends on age, food habits, prescribed |
| of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis | | | | medicines and differs in different people as well as in |
| Bright red color can be found when "fresh" RBCs | | | | one person in different periods. |
| pass into urine in case of trauma, kidney tuberculosis, | | | | Specific gravity |
| crystals, cystitis, urethritis, renal tumor. | | | | It is the concentration of electrolytes and other |
| Dark-violet discoloration is the sign of | | | | substances dissolve in Urine. Decreasing of specific |
| considerable RBCs hemolysis in case of poisoning, | | | | gravity can be seen in case of drinking a lot of fluids, |
| Rh-conflict, mistakes during blood transfusion etc. | | | | severe renal failure, back progress of edema, |
| Transparence | | | | diabetes insipidus. Increasing is observed at Oliguria, |
| The Urine can be cloudy only in newborn child for 2-3 | | | | diabetes mellitus, excretion of marked amount of |
| days after birth. After that each healthy person | | | | protein. Excretion of 0.1g of glucose per 11 of Urine |
| excrete transparent Urine. Cloudy hazy, darkly | | | | causes enlargement of specific gravity on 0.004; 0.4 |
| opalescent Urine can be found in case of Urinary | | | | of protein-on 0.001. |
| tract infection, enlarged amount of crystals, RBCs or | | | | |