| First, let's get into the brief classification of fatty | | | | enzyme's responsibility is to bring fatty acids into the |
| acids without getting too technical. Fatty acids are | | | | mitochondrial for beta oxidation. Thus, suppressing |
| classified into two types saturated (SFA) and | | | | Malonyl-CoA leads to an increased ability to utilize |
| unsaturated (UFA). | | | | fatty acids as a fuel source. |
| The complete carbon chain of the SFA is completely | | | | There are numerous health benefits as well, but i |
| saturated by hydrogen atoms. Saturated fat is found | | | | wont stray off the topic at hand, which is omega |
| mostly in meat and dairy products, as well as some | | | | 3-fatty acids as a powerful adversary to fat. The |
| vegetable oils, such as coconut and palm oils (tropical | | | | lipolytic and antilipogenic effects of omega-3 fatty |
| oils). Most saturated fats tend to be solid at room | | | | acids will be a valuable tool in the reconstruction of |
| temperature, with the exception of tropical oils. | | | | body composition. This is one supplement well worth |
| Unsaturated (UFA) contain double bonds in the | | | | implementing in your diet. |
| carbon chain. For every double bond, 2 hydrogen | | | | Food Source of Omega-3 fatty acids |
| atoms are lost resulting in a carbon chain no longer | | | | Salmon |
| saturated by these atoms. Unsaturated fats are | | | | Flax Seeds |
| commonly found in plant products, nuts, seeds, olives, | | | | Pumpkin Seeds |
| and avocados. | | | | Tuna |
| Then there is Trans Fatty Acid (TFA), where its | | | | Hemp Seed Oil |
| hydrogens are on the opposite sides of the double | | | | Trout |
| bond. Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA) go through a | | | | Walnuts |
| process known as hydrogenation where hydrogens | | | | Soy Bean Oil |
| are added (increases shelf life, and texture of foods) | | | | Sardines |
| which reduce the number of double bonds making | | | | Perilla |
| the fatty acid more saturated. The end result is | | | | References |
| Trans Fatty Acids (TFA). Trans fatty Acids (TFA) | | | | 1. Eicosapentaenoic fatty acid increases leptin |
| are commonly found in commercially prepared baked | | | | secretion from primary cultured rat adipocytes: role |
| goods, margarines, snack foods, and fast food are | | | | of glucose metabolism Patricia Pérez-Matute,1 |
| primary sources of Trans fatty Acids. | | | | Amelia Marti,1 J. Alfredo Martínez,1 M. P. |
| A report on trans fatty acid from the Institute of | | | | Fernández-Otero,1 Kimber L. Stanhope,2 |
| Medicine concluded that there is no safe amount of | | | | Peter J. Havel,2 and María J. Moreno-Aliaga1 |
| trans fats, has prompted the Food and Drug | | | | 1Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University |
| Administration to require that all Nutrition Facts food | | | | of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and |
| labels list trans fats by January 1, 2006. | | | | 2Department of Nutrition, University of California, |
| Unsaturated fats can be further classified as | | | | Davis, California.26 October 2004 |
| monounsaturated (MUFA) containing 1 double bond | | | | 2.Effects of Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Cytosolic |
| and polyunsaturated (PUFA) containing multiple double | | | | Triacylglycerol Accumulation and Lipid Droplet |
| bonds. Omega-6 fatty acids and Omega-3 fatty acids | | | | Formation in Primary Cultured Bovine Mammary |
| are the primary subtypes of the many sub | | | | Epithelial Cells T. Yonezawa, S. Yonekura, Y. |
| classifications of polyunsaturated fats. There are | | | | Kobayashi, A. Hagino, K. Katoh and Y. Obara, |
| deemed essential because the body cannot produce | | | | Department of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of |
| them, and must be obtained from an outside source. | | | | Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, |
| The majority of the population consume adequate | | | | Amamiyamachi, Sendai 981-8555, Japan |
| amounts of omega 6 in their diets, its the omega 3 | | | | 3. Role of dietary fat type in the development of |
| that these diets lack.o Omega-3 fatty acids have the | | | | adiposity from dietary obesity-susceptible |
| ability to enhance leptin production1,2, a factor that | | | | Sprague-Dawley rats. Jang IS, Hwang DY, Chae KR, |
| can have a positive effect on fat burning. Such as | | | | Lee JE, Kim YK, Kang TS, Hwang JH, Lim CH, Huh |
| suppressing the appetite, lowering appetite signaling, | | | | YB, Cho JS. Br J Nutr. 2003 Mar;89(3):429-38 |
| and increased energy expenditure.o Supplementing | | | | 4. Fish oil inhibits SREBP-1 proteolytic cascade, while a |
| with omega-3 fatty acids has been shown to | | | | high-fish-oil feeding decreases SREBP-1 mRNA in mice |
| decrease lipogenic enzymes3,4,5,which will hinder the | | | | liver: relationship to anti-obesity. Nakatani T, Kim HJ, |
| body's ability to store fat.o Increased activity of | | | | Kaburagi Y, Yasuda K, Ezaki O. J Lipid Res. 2003 |
| lipolytic enzymes, by means of its synergistic effect | | | | Feb;44(2):369-79. Epub 2002 Nov 16 |
| with Peroxisome Proliferator activated receptor alpha | | | | 5. Suppression of fatty acid synthase by dietary |
| (PPAR-alpha)3,4,6,. Resulting in induced expression of | | | | polyunsaturated fatty acids is mediated by fat itself, |
| proteins involved in lipid transport and oxidation. One | | | | not by peroxidative mechanism. Kim H, Choi S, Lee |
| of PPAR-alpha's main role is regulating glucose and | | | | HJ, Lee JH, Choi H. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 May |
| fatty acid homeostasis. The increase activity of | | | | 31;36(3):258-64 |
| these lipolytic enzymes, accelerates the fat burning | | | | 6. Up-regulation of liver uncoupling protein-2 mRNA by |
| process.o Omega-3 fatty acids suppress production | | | | either fish oil feeding or fibrate administration in mice. |
| of Malonyl-CoA. Which is a precursor for fatty acid | | | | Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Takahashi M, Kim H, Ezaki O. |
| synthesis, and also responsible for hindering activity | | | | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. |
| of the carnitine palmitoyltansferase enzyme. This | | | | |