Cell Immune

Mitosis can be a challenging topic to teach, especially if your only educational aids are textbooks and photocopied worksheets. For years, introductory level biology students have been taught to memorize the stages of mitosis, without ever thoroughly understanding the process. Luckily, VIRTmac's DNA/RNA Protein Kit provides biology teachers with engaging lesson ideas that are specially designed to help students understand and retain the difficult concept of cell division. What is Mitosis? Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus. The result is two cells with identical nuclei. While this may sound like a simple process, biology teachers know that...

Greetings everyone. As you know I have been practicing natural therapies for quite some time now in one form or another and I have seen my fair share. My decision to move my natural health practice to focus solely on Nutrienergetics system practice (Bioenergetic Naturopathy) and to use herbal and nutritional approaches as an adjunct or to assist was not something I did lightly. It was after a great deal of time of watching and observing the failings of nutritional and herbal approaches as well as my massage therapy bodywork time and again when I knew it should be working. Once I saw, studied and became qualified to practice N.E.S and did so, I knew all other modalities I practiced were now there for...

Raymond Peat has examined an array of hormonal related conditions and has offered some really ideal insights into how one would go about dealing with some of these deficiencies. His approach offers an evolutionary point of view. This is because his approach offers a comprehensive outlook on the problem when physiology, biochemistry and biophysics are viewed in conjunction. This gives one a better standpoint when looking to understand the degenerative process of one's immediate environment. Raymond Peat seeks to help users understand the benefits closely related to Progest E as they seek to remedy some of the hormone deficiencies they may be suffering. He has tried to outline his ideas as related to...

So often we find very religious folks operating inside the realm of science. The problem is that these folks often apply their religious teachings to every single endeavor that they study. Obviously in doing this they are going to come to the wrong conclusions more often than not and it is for this reason we need to kick them out of the sciences as they are not of right mind. Recently in arguing the fact that humans are 99% DNA similar to Chimpanzees and therefore if we classify Chimps as animals then so too must be humans; a religious nut case scoundrel claiming to be a researcher had a tiff with another think tanker and stated; "What you are reading and feeling is not so similar to the...

Religious groups oppose the teaching of evolution on the grounds that it is a flawed science and undermines creationist theories.They have had a few reverses recently. This week the Kansas Board of Education voted to throw out so-called "scientific standards" introduced by conservatives in their effort to downplay the role of evolution. In terms of scientific credibility, the theory of evolution is actually rock solid compared to a creation myth that features a conniving serpent, a tree of "good and evil" and the first blind date on record. There is no scientific evidence to support the view that an anthropomorphic deity created the planet. It would be as hard as trying to assert scientific...

So many folks due to their upbringing are very religious and specifically beholden to a certain sect of their religion. It is therefore considered blasphemy to consider the sciences behind the evolutionary theory. Indeed there is so much proof of evolution it is amazing that anyone could ever think otherwise, but it just proves as one philosopher of note once said; "Humans can be led to believe just about anything." Now then, when you are ready to come out of the cave of your religious teachings, cult following or blind trust in Santa Clause, there is a book I would like to recommend that you read. This book is not about the "Flying Spaghetti Monster" no, it is a book on evolutionary anthropology...

#ffffff;" /> When a child is first diagnosed with a medical condition, especially a life-threatening one, the first question many parents understandably ask is, “How long does my child have to live?” Medical professionals respond by quoting the statistics. Statistically, all illnesses have a somewhat predictable course or an “average life expectancy.” But statistics based on the group norms may be very misleading and even disabling when applied to individual children. It’s very hard to predict who will be among the many who “beat the odds.” Historically, medical professionals have been known to advise parents of children with cystic fibrosis not to worry...

Chronic rapidly increasing obesity has become a major public health problem in industrialized countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called obesity epidemic first non-infectious history. Its management is seen as a priority, and even more so than being overweight affects individuals of younger and younger. Data collected by WHO showed that nearly half of Americans are overweight, while a quarter of the population is frankly obese, a figure that may reach 70% of some populations. Europe is not spared, with 30% of adults overweight, obesity affecting 12% of adults in Western Europe. In France, the prevalence of obesity has increased by about 45% between l987 and 1996, and the number of...

The Indian legend of The Three Blind Men and the Elephant is an apt metaphor for any random collection of three biotechnology entrepreneurs. Each is raptly focused on his personal locus, blind to the deep complexity just beyond his grasp. Of course, "entrepreneur" in the medical field is for many of us a code word for con artist. Recent news from a "sports genetics" company (the concept itself is an affront to science) follows closely on the heels of several questionable corporate attempts to wrest dollars from the unsuspecting. Ventures such as deCODE, Navigenics, and 23andMe are case study exemplars of high-flying hype that has crashed to earth. Selling ACTN3 genetic tests is merely the newest...

Depression is a state which is much more than just a momentary feeling of being low or sad. It could easily affect your identity and personality, changing the way you react and feel about things. Those people who suffer from depression usually find going about with their daily activities a challenge. However, do you know what the common causes of depression are? Here are several of them to help you understand this common illness much better. Actually, depression is not attributed to just one cause. It commonly results from the combination of several causes or factors. These would include the traits which you have inherited (the genetic factor), the brain chemistry that you have (the physical factor...

If you mention that someone is a genius the person you are talking to will picture in their mind a nerd like person most likely. But did you know that this stereotype most people hold for geniuses is utterly false? That's right statistics show that society has it all wrong. That is not to say that some geniuses are not nerds; some may well be, but statistically it is not the norm. Indeed, I have concluded long-ago that the stereotypes of genius are incorrect and I believe that psychological Professors like Dean Simonton are absolutely dead on target, as they confront these myths. In fact, after studying all this from research papers and actual observations, I concur completely. So, if geniuses are...

ying highly intelligent and highly qualified employees in a range of sophisticated commercial businesses is a risky business for employers. To acquire competitive business advantage in an increasingly globalized and networked world of pharmaceuticals, genetics, telecommunications, power supply and information technology requires the employment of highly qualified, well educated, experienced and clever employees. Potential employers and employees are both well advised to seek legal assistance when drafting or accepting terms of employment. Due to the seniority of these employees, their employment contracts are less likely to be workplace agreements but more likely to be private , one-off, contracts...

Alzheimer's - perhaps our most dreaded part of aging. Fortunately, there are constantly new breakthroughs in knowledge and medicine and prevention of Alzheimer's. Here's some valuable information on some simple steps that protect your liver - and your mind! A Sound Body Means a Sound Mind As you get older, it's common to wonder if your misplaced keys or a forgotten name are a sign of early Alzheimer's. You might wonder -- what you can do to protect yourself from the memory loss and mental decline that so many experience? Here's some fascinating new research: Take better care of your liver. Clear Out Alzheimer Toxins Alzheimer's disease is caused in part by amyloid-beta, a naturally occurring peptide...

Many of the strongest European pharmaceutical firms adopted this strategy, seeking to develop their own capabilities across a relatively narrow front while working with biotech startups. The small, university-linked biotechs were at first almost entirely an American phenomenon, and this gave the large U.S. pharmaceutical companies an initial advantage, as did the federal government's support for basic research in molecular genetics. But soon, European governments were attempting to close the widening biotech gap, hoping that government support would make up for the venture capital that was not available to their potential innovators. One of the interesting international hybrids was Biogen, a startup...

Do you want to know more about the most effective and available medications for narcolepsy symptoms? Well, you have come to the right place! There are, in fact, a widely scattered group of medications that can be found on different online sites on the internet but I have summarized some of these below for your reference. Let's look at the stimulants first. Stimulants like Modafinil, unlike amphetamines, provide fewer sympathomimetic side effects within dosages ranging from 100-400 mg. Methylphenidate-HCl is a generic drug but it can be purchased branded at 5-60 mg dosages so it can be very useful. This drug has a descriptive short duration of action which is better if combined with stimulant...

An inability to establish or maintain pregnancy is most often attributed to lethal genetic defects of the embryo. For infertile couples and carriers of genetic disease, the option of in vitro fertilization (IVF) can often offer the only viable alternative. Over the last 15 years, advances in molecular genetics has allowed for embryos to be genetically screened prior to implantation. Employing various genetic techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), this process - known as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) - is now used to identify embryos with a range of genetic abnormalities such as chromosomal...

This articles about information wild species. A FROG with fluorescent purple markings and 12 kinds of dung beetles are among two dozen new species discovered in the remote plateaus of eastern Suriname, scientists said. The expedition was sponsored by two mining companies hoping to excavate the area for bauxite, the raw material used to make aluminum, and it was unknown how the findings would affect their plans. Scientists discovered the species during a 2005 expedition led by the US-based nonprofit Conservation International in rainforests and swamps about 130 km southeast of Paramaribo, the capital of the South American country, organisation spokesman Tom Cohen said. Among the species found were...

Type II diabetes is a lifestyle disease and several lifestyle factors are known to cause Type II diabetes. In addition heredity also plays a major role in Type II diabetes. Each of these factors is detailed below: Genetics If close relatives have Type II diabetes then the chances of developing the disease increases drastically when compared to the general population. Studies have been conducted on various genes that are thought to cause the disease, but results have varied across ethnic groups. Genes that influence fat metabolism are thought to play a major role in Type II diabetes. The role of genetics in Type II diabetes is much higher than that for Type II diabetes. Ethnicity It is found that...

One person dies from smoking every 10 seconds, according to smokingstatistics.org It is estimated that the average smoker loses 12 years of life due to complications from smoking. Every cigarette smoked increases the likelihood of getting cancer. There are a lot of things to help quit smoking which makes it hard to choose which route to go. Pills, patches, and electronic cigarette devices are all expensive and still feed nicotine to your addiction. Nicotine addiction has been compared to heroin addiction by scholars as well as my own biology professor from college. The addiction is located inside the brain. This is where all the cravings for cigarettes come from. One of the best things to help quit...

There has been a lot of negative talk about companies using corn to produce biofuels, but don't paint Aurora Biofuels with that brush. The company is offering an attractive alternative: converting carbon dioxide--a greenhouse gas--into biodiesel while growing in sea water. The company is using a genetically modified algae developed at the University of California at Berkeley to efficiently produce biodiesel using CO2 as the feedstock. The Aurora claims the technology, developed by microbial biology professor Tasios Melis, can create biodiesel fuel with yields that are 125 times higher and have 50 percent lower costs than current production methods. One can only wonder if those higher yields are...

In the United States human health has traditionally been viewed in isolation from its ecological context. During my medical training and subsequent career in Emergency Medicine, issues such as climate change, habitat destruction, species extinction, pollution and the depletion of fresh water supplies were treated as primarily environmental issues lying outside the realm of the medical industry. Equity has been seen as a primarily political, economic and social issue. Sustainability was rarely considered. I believe this view must be changed and that not only physicians, but all Americans, have a responsibility to effect this change. Achieving health requires that we address all these elements in an...

Registering for Classes Think Forward It is commonplace for incoming freshmen to choose the easiest classes possible, or the classes that are not early in the morning. In terms of deciding which major is right for you, this is counterproductive. If you are undeclared, the best bet is to search through the entire listing of available classes and make a list of all the classes that interest you. You may be surprised the various departments that offer a class that interests you. You should keep in mind your 'general education' requirements. If a class does not meet a general education requirement, but really piques your interest, then take it! Exploration: Registering for Classes Continued Take Upper...

Attract-RX is a much talked about pheromone that claims to increase our bodies production of pheromones. These are interesting claims that sparked my curiosity and further research. This is groundbreaking news in my opinion and led me to research and evaluate these claims. Psuedo Science or Pheromone Fact? According to the merchant, Attract RX contains a unique blend of potent herbs to increase pheromone production. This includes L-Arginine HCI, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, L-Leucine, L-Lysine, L-Omithine HCL, L-Valine, and Colostrum. The product is basically being promoted as a pheromone supplement. The truth of the matter is that the ingredients profile looks like nothing more than an assortment of...

ere did we come from? What are we? What is reality? Is there a God? What is our fate after death? Spirituality focuses on these big questions. Does science debunk spiritual teachings? We must remind ourselves that opinions from some scientists may not be a theory. Scientists hold opinions, dogma, and prejudices like the rest of us. When I ask has science debunked spirituality, I refer to scientific theories generally accepted by the vast majority of those in that field. However, even a scientific theory is a belief and might later be proved wrong or needed to be modified (as illustrated below). Where did we come from? The 20th-century begun with the scientific community believing that the universe...

If you went to college in the 60's and 70's you may remember the "munchies" or voracious appetite which sometimes accompanied marijuana smoking. Little did the pot heads of that day realize that medications in the future which block the munchies would help them shed the pounds that they would gain over the next 30 or so years. This new medication, ramonabant (affectionately known at as Ramona), brand name Acomplia, is presently available in Europe and may soon be available in the United States. The company which produces this medication, Sanofi-Aventis, has been in lengthy negotiations with the FDA regarding gaining the critical approval required to bring Acomplia to market in the U.S. There has...

You may be surprised to know that the consumption of carbohydrates does not make you gain weight. Many people have been sold on the notion that cutting carbs from their diet and upping their protein intake is the only effective way to lose weight. However, if this were true, wouldn't we be seeing more overweight vegetarians? They eat plenty of beans, rice, bread, and pasta but none of the animal fats and proteins found in your favourite cuts of meat. Their diet is the polar opposite of the other and not only do they lose weight but they keep it off. High carbohydrate diets only offer a short term solution to weight loss. There is more to these diets than meat and carbs. There are scientific facts...

Science journals have featured countless stories about the evolution of the human brain. Scientists are puzzled since humans have much bigger brains than any other species. Their suggested explanations have often been mutually exclusive. For instance, the old text book explanation relied on eating meat but a few years ago an article in New Scientist, a popular science magazine, suggested that eating starch was the secret of brain growth. But both explanations fail to answer why other meat or starch eating species do not have big brains. At the recent AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science) annual meeting in Boston, Richard Lewontin, a distinguished biology professor at Harvard...

The demand for supplements that support cognitive health is booming. Although aging is associated with declining memory, the alarming news is that symptoms of cognitive deficiencies are occurring more frequently and exhibited in younger age groups as well. As research develops consumers are seeking a wide array of botanicals and nutrients that could help boost brain functions and improve moods. According to the Nutrition Business Journal (Oct 2009) trends in 2010 are predicted to favor ingredients that help improve cognitive health. According to this report, 2010 is the right time for new cognitive health products that will help stressed out professionals, children and the elderly improve their...

Shiitake and Reishi Shiitake and reishi are Japanese mushrooms with a delicate texture, strong stems, and well-defined undersides. They are attractive and have impressive health-promoting properties. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) contain a polysaccharide, lentinan, that strengthens the immune system by increasing T cell function. Shiitake mushrooms contain eighteen amino acids, seven of which are essential amino acids. They are rich in B vitamins, especially vitamins BI (thi-amine), 62 (riboflavin), and B3 (niacin). When sun-dried, they contain high amounts of vitamin D. Their effectiveness in treating cancer has been reported in a joint study by the Medical Department of Koibe University and Nippon...

Structure Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of sodium dithionite in the solid state reveals that it exists in different forms. In one anhydrous form, the dithionite ion has C2 geometry, almost eclipsed with a 16 O-S-S-O torsional angle. In the dihydrated form (Na2S2O4.2H2O), the dithionite anion has a shorter S-S bond length and a gauche 56 O-S-S-O torsional angle. Applications Industry This compound is a water-soluble salt, and can be used as a reducing agent in aqueous solutions. It is used as such in some industrial dying processes, where an otherwise water-insoluble dye can be reduced into a water-soluble alkali metal salt. The reduction properties of sodium...

Definition Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptides(PACAP, ADCYAP1: adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1), is a neuropeptide in pancreatic islets, where it has been suggested as a parasympathetic and sensory neurotransmitter. Discovery In 1989, Arimura et al., isolated novel PACAP, hypophysiotropic neuropeptides, the group of Arimura has screened fractions from an extract of 4300 ovine hypothalamus by monitoring their stimulatory effect on adenylyl cyclase activity in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Using this approach, they have isolated in pure form a peptide, found to markedly increase cAMP formation, that they termed pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1...

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, QUEEN MARY MSC and Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Microbilogy . MSC and Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Drug Development . MSC and Postgraduate Diploma in Healthcare Research Methods MSC and Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Microbiology The MSC in clinical Microbilology is sutiable for traines in Medical Microbilology in universitys, NHS and PHLS departments. and for others wishing to obtain a greater understanding of clinical microbilogy .Many sprs in medical microbiology attend the course on a day release basis to assist them in passing MRCP path. COURSE CONTENT The MSC and Diploma are broad based with extensive coverage of the following topics on a modualr basis...

Dr. Brian West’s commitment to addressing the specific needs and personal objectives of his patients has helped him to become one of the most respectedplastic surgeons in California. His outstanding reputation is based both on his ability to achieve natural results and the high degree of satisfaction among his patients. Dr. Brian West attended the Stanford Medical School where he received his bachelor’s of science in medical microbiology. Later on he received his doctor of medicine degree from the University of California at Irvine. His surgical internship took place at many of the finest institutions in America like the UCLA Medical centre, University of Kansas Medical Centre, the Burnett Burn...

Science is nothing other than discovery and understanding things. To some it's a study to others an adventure. One of the earliest of sciences it fails to loose its place as the number one in research and development. Every year great minds mull over the year that has been and list what the top 10 or 20 science discoveries for the year are. In 2006 leaders among science discoveries were: 1. A chance to know mankind's primordial past by the study of comet particles brought back to earth by NASA's spaceship Stardust. The comet particles are said to contain gases and dust from the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. Around 150 scientists all over the world are involved in the study of...

  One should possess special skills in order to succeed in some science. If you want to study some special field of science like biology, chemistry or physics, you should define what skills you need to develop to be a successful student. However, one should not avoid any area of the science, because basic knowledge is the main thing if you want to study these sciences. Now, let us concentrate on the skills that students should have to study physics. 1. First of all, studying physics is a demanding and hard work. You will have to spent long hours learning laws of physics and doing sums. 2. The most essential are mathematical skills. Physics is a mixture of natural science and mathematics. There many...

A Chiropractor goes through intense specialized training in order to be able to offer treatment as a licensed doctor of chiropractic medicine. The initials D.C. after your practitioner's name stands for Doctor of Chiropractic. He or she must put in years of studying and interning with a licensed D.C. in order to be able to offer treatment. Here are the six steps to becoming a chiropractor: Obtain a four year bachelor's degree. It is important that undergraduate coursework is selected that supports the final mission of becoming a D.C. such as anatomy, physiology, biology, chemistry, and social sciences. Apply to chiropractic colleges. The college will look over the applicant's GPA and coursework to...

The elements are substances that cannot be broken down into other matter by chemical means, and an atom is the fundamental particle in an element. As of 2009, there are 118 known elements, 88 of which occur in nature; the rest were created in laboratories. Due to their high levels of radioactivity, they exist only for extremely short periods of time. Whatever the number of elements may be today it is obvious that this number will increase over time, as new elements are synthesized but the same number of basic atomic structures will exist in the universe. What distinguishes one element from another is the number of protons, subatomic particles with a positive electric charge, in the nucleus, or...

Although most pharmacy technicians receive informal on-the-job training, employers surely favor those who have completed formal training and have been certificated. Formal pharmacy technician education programs require some classroom and laboratory work in a variety of areas, including medical and pharmaceutical terminology, pharmaceutical calculations, pharmacy recordkeeping, pharmaceutical techniques, and pharmacy law and ethics. Technicians also are required to learn medication names, actions, uses, and doses. Many training programs include internships, in which students gain hands-on experience in actual pharmacies. How to be a good pharmacy Technician? What kind of criteria do one need to be a...

Becoming an orthodontist in Ontario requires 10 years of post secondary education. - 4 year Bachelor of Science - 4 year Dentistry School - 2 year Graduate School of Orthodontics An aspiring orthodontist must first complete a four year Bachelor of Science degree ensuring that all pre-requisite courses for dental school are completed. Individual pre-requisite courses may vary by school but generally include the core sciences including biology, chemistry, physics, physiology, biochemistry and organic chemistry courses. Interested applicants are advised to check individual school websites for requirements as different schools may have different requirements. After completion (or for some schools, while...

Almost all American medical schools require that you to take the MCAT exam before applying to medical school. Some schools place an even weight on your MCAT score and your GPA, so it is important that you do well on the MCAT as well as having a high GPA. In order to best prepare for the MCAT material you will need to have completed introductory biology, chemistry, physics, and organic chemistry courses. You will be tested on your ability to interpret and apply what you know rather than to just know facts. First of all, it is important for you to know what will be on the test, so that you know what to expect and can properly prepare for the exam. The MCAT is composed of 4 main sections. The first...

Now that you've graduated college, you've decided to take the PCAT (Pharmacy College Admission Test) and become a pharmacist. What do you need to do to prepare? Where do you take the PCAT? Can the PCAT be taken online? All are questions that need to be answered before taking the next step. And while you are waiting for your test date, remember...PRACTICE! But first, let's take a better look at what you're getting yourself into. What Is The PCAT? The PCAT, like the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test), the LSAT (Law School Admission Test) and the DAT (Dental Admission Test), is a standardized test that prospective pharmacists are required to take before entering pharmacy college. The PCAT is given...

Training to become a surgical technician typically means earning a 2-year associate degree with courses in microbiology, medical ethics, anatomy, physiology and surgical instrument techniques. The Liaison Council on Certification for the Surgical Technologist offers national certification for surgical technicians. Surgical technician training programs can be found in community and junior colleges, vocational schools, four-year colleges and universities, and in hospitals, as well as in full-fledged medical colleges. Surgical technician training will vary accordingly, but training programs will take nine months to two years. Surgical technician education will allow for obtaining certificates, diplomas...

Prevention Versus Cure We are born inherently with the best doctor in the world - our immune system. When the immune system is functioning properly, it should serve as a strong defense from most illness. Nutrition and proper care of the body can do wonders for the immune system. Regardless of the condition of our health, our bodies constantly require nutrition. When we are healthy, wholesome nutrition can prevent us from getting sick. Similarly, when we are sick, proper nourishment can help us recover from illness. Nutritional Immunology is a science that studies the relationship between nutrition and the immune system. Healthful foods contribute to a strong immune response system, which fights...

The Psychiatric Drugs Desiring optimal health, people frequently turn to drugs to alter their physical and mental health. Surveys show that many Americans regularly use some type of psychiatric medication such tranquilizers, sleeping pills, antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants. Easily obtained in today's market, these drugs are used to treat a wide variety of symptoms from anxiety and difficulty sleeping to decreased energy levels, disorientation and depression. Although these are serious health issues, the treatment of these disorders is often misunderstood and abused. Not without consequence, the use of any mind-altering substance must be prepared by thorough research and careful evaluation...

alth may not be everything but if you lose it everything becomes nothing. There is no single effort more radical in its potential for saving the world than a transformation of the way we eat. Among the many factors that shape lives, nutrition plays a critical role. If we can maintain excellent eating habits, something extraordinary in health can be achieved. While most of us are aware that food choices are important to health, very few people realize that food can actually promote health. We do not subtract: we keep adding. What we do occasionally does not affect us but what we do consistently definitely affects our health. That is why smarter food choices will reduce the risk of chronic diseases...

This weekend marks a massive landmark in the medical history of the world. It's the anniversary of an event which has saved billions of lives, and yet it may not rate a single mention in the tabloid press. For centuries millions of people lived in dread of contracting smallpox, a highly contagious disease which swept across continents as a deadly plague, killing about a third of its victims and leaving survivors heavily pock marked and sometimes blind. Towards the end of the eighteenth century the disease was killing 400,000 Europeans a year. Nobody knew how it was caused, and no one knew how it could be controlled. It was called the 'small' pox merely to differentiate it from the longer recognised...

Sybilla Masters could very well be one of the first American women inventors in America when America was ruled by the English. The avaialable records show that in 1715 she was given a patent for the method of making cornmeal from maize. It was difficult for women those days to get patent and she was given the patent in her husband's name with the patent stating that method was found by his wife, Sybilla Masters. Gertrude Belle Elion, Nobel Prize winner in Medicine in 1988 had discovered many new drugs including the drug for AIDS, AZT. She was an American biochemist and also a pharmacologist. She developed these drugs working alone and also while working with another scientist George H. Hitchings...

Some people, it seems, are endowed with a healthy immune system. They never seem to get sick and, if they do get the odd cold, they continue their daily routine and snap out of it in no time flat. Then you see others who barely have to hear the word 'flu or see someone blowing their nose and bam, they've got it! Is it all in the head? Are you born with a strong immune system to fight off disease? Can you do something about it, if you're not? Anyway, what does it mean to have immunity? Well, a very simple explanation is that there are basically two types: active and passive immunity. The definition of 'immune' is that your body is so strong and resistant to any disease that you will not succumb to it...

Production of recombinant proteins GST L1, E6 and E7 tag HPV 16 to be used in LUMINEX assay for antibody detection among Tunisian female population with cervical cancer and controls Achour. M*a, Ben Younes. Ra, Kahla. Sa, Kochbati. Lb, Zeghal. Dc, Maalej. Mb, Zouari. Fc, Oueslati. Raa- Laboratory of Environmental Immuno-Microbiology and cancerogenesis (IMEC Unit) Faculty of Sciences Bizerta 7021 Zarzouna Tunisia.b- Service of Radiotherapy Institute of Cancer Salah Azeiz Tunisia.c- Service of Gynecology- obstetrics Center of Maternity and Neonatalogy Hospital La Rabta Tunisia. *Corresponding author Achour Mongia E-mail: mahaachour2000@yahoo.fr Tel: 216 72 591 845 Fax: 216 72 590 566 ABSTRACT...